


Glutamate and Autism Spectrum Disorder: What’s the Link?

Recent research has shown that glutamate, a neurotransmitter involved in the excitatory pathways of the brain, plays an important role in the development of ASD. In this blog post, we will discuss the link between glutamate and Autism and how understanding this connection may help to improve diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.
Glutamate and Its Role in Autism
Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that plays a key role in cognitive and behavioral functions. It is also implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released by neurons to send signals to other cells. Glutamate is one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the brain and is important for the normal functioning of nerve cells. It is involved in many processes including learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. Studies have found that glutamate levels are altered in individuals with ASD. This suggests that there may be a link between glutamate and ASD.
It has been suggested that alterations in glutamate signaling could be involved in the pathophysiology of ASD. Glutamate acts on ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, which can regulate neuronal excitability. Disruptions in the glutamate system have been linked to a variety of neurological disorders including epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism. Imbalances in glutamate signaling have been linked to an array of behavioral and cognitive problems seen in ASD. Research suggests that abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission could be a contributing factor to some of the symptoms associated with ASD.
Glutamatergic neurotransmission in ASD
Glutamatergic neurotransmission is a key component of the neurological and physiological functioning of the brain. It plays an important role in learning, memory, and emotion regulation. In Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), there appears to be an imbalance in this system that can lead to a variety of symptoms.
Studies have found that glutamate concentrations in the brains of individuals with ASD are generally higher than those of their typically developing peers. This increased concentration can lead to an over-activation of the excitatory pathway, resulting in excitation of neurons that would normally remain inactive. This excitation can lead to a variety of symptoms associated with ASD, such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty regulating emotions.
Other research suggests that the glutamate receptor system may also play a role in the social difficulties seen in individuals with ASD. Specifically, there may be a decrease in the activity of certain receptors in the brain, resulting in decreased social processing skills and deficits in social communication.
Overall, glutamatergic neurotransmission is an important factor to consider when trying to understand the underlying causes of autism spectrum disorder. Understanding how this system works can help researchers to better identify potential treatments and interventions to improve the lives of those with ASD.
Clinical Implications
The role of glutamate in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasingly being recognized. Studies have shown that dysregulation of the glutamatergic neurotransmission system is associated with symptoms of ASD, such as social deficits, communication problems, and repetitive behaviors. This suggests that targeting the glutamate system may be a viable therapeutic approach for treating the symptoms of ASD.
One possible way to target the glutamatergic neurotransmission system is through the use of medications that modulate glutamate levels. Several medications have been studied for this purpose, including memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, and lamotrigine, an antiepileptic drug that has been found to reduce repetitive behaviors in some patients with ASD. Additionally, there are a number of nutritional supplements that contain glutamate-related compounds, such as taurine and glycine, which may be beneficial for reducing symptoms in some people with ASD.
Other approaches to targeting the glutamatergic neurotransmission system in ASD include behavioral therapies and deep brain stimulation. Behavioral therapies, such as Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) and Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), focus on teaching children with ASD how to cope with social situations and communication issues by providing a structured learning environment. Deep brain stimulation involves implanting electrodes into specific parts of the brain to modulate neural activity and has been used to reduce repetitive behaviors in some patients with ASD.
In summary, evidence suggests that dysregulation of the glutamatergic neurotransmission system plays a role in the development of ASD. Targeting this system through medication, nutritional supplements, behavioral therapies, or deep brain stimulation may be effective treatments for reducing the symptoms of ASD.
How to regulate the glutamatergic neurotransmission system with nutritional supplements
Nutritional supplements are an important part of autism treatment as they can help regulate the glutamatergic neurotransmission system.
Nutritional supplements can be used to modulate the activity of glutamate in the body, thus helping to reduce symptoms related to ASD. Omega-3 fatty acids are one type of supplement that may be beneficial for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the body, both of which can contribute to glutamate dysregulation. Vitamin D has also been shown to be beneficial in regulating glutamate levels, as well as providing other general health benefits.
Other supplements that may help regulate glutamatergic neurotransmission in ASD include:
- N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione
- Vitamin B6 and B12, which are essential for methylation and can help with the regulation of neurotransmitters
- Curcumin, which is derived from turmeric and helps to modulate inflammation
- Magnesium, which is important for nerve transmission and regulating neurotransmitters
- L-theanine, which is an amino acid found in green tea and helps to reduce anxiety
- Zinc, which is an important mineral for cognitive development
Additionally, it is important to speak to your doctor before beginning any supplement regimen as some supplements may interact with medications or cause adverse reactions.

Glutathione Redox Imbalance Linked to Autism Spectrum Disorder

Could Methylation Issues be the root cause of Autism?

Can methylation problem be the root cause of autism? Methylation has been identified as a possible factor in autism. Recent research suggests that metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity may be associated with autism in children. This raises the question: Could methylation issues be at the root of autism? In this blog post, we will explore how methylation issues may be linked to autism and examine the potential implications of these findings.
Root cause of autism? Can it be the problem with the methylation?
Everybody wants to know the root cause of autism. Methylation issues could be one of the main factors. Methylation is an important process that helps regulate gene expression, DNA repair, neurotransmitter production, and other metabolic activities in the body. It’s a process of transferring a small molecule, called a methyl group, from one molecule to another. This process helps control the activity of certain genes by either turning them on or off. When the body can’t methylate properly, it leads to increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body’s ability to counteract their damaging effects. This can lead to further health problems if left unaddressed.
Methylation is a biological process that regulates gene expression. Abnormal methylation patterns have been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. In individuals with autism, abnormal methylation can impact the expression of genes involved in brain development and function, leading to changes in brain connectivity, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmitter function, which can contribute to symptoms such as difficulty with social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests.
What are the Symptoms of Methylation Issues?
Methylation is an essential process that helps the body maintain healthy functions and processes. When it’s impaired, several symptoms can arise. Symptoms of methylation issues may include fatigue, poor memory, chronic pain, mood swings, anxiety, depression, food sensitivities, and digestive problems. Additionally, impaired methylation can lead to increased oxidative stress, when the body’s cells become damaged by free radicals and other toxins. This can manifest as systemic inflammation and an increased risk for certain diseases. Identifying and treating methylation issues is critical for maintaining good health.
What Causes Methylation Issues?
A variety of factors can cause methylation issues. The most common are genetic predisposition and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body’s ability to detoxify them. It is a key factor in many diseases and disorders, including autism.
Genetic mutations that affect methylation may also contribute to the development of methylation problems. These mutations can be inherited or acquired over time, due to environmental factors such as exposure to toxins. Chronic inflammation can also hurt methylation, leading to an imbalance between the production and breakdown of methyl groups.
In some cases, methylation issues can be caused by underlying nutritional deficiencies. For instance, deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin B12, folate, zinc, and magnesium, can all impact methylation pathways. Poor dietary habits, such as consuming processed foods and eating too many sugary foods, can also contribute to methylation issues.
Finally, chronic stress can also contribute to impaired methylation. When the body is under constant stress, it can produce hormones like cortisol which can affect how the body processes nutrients and affects its ability to produce energy. This can lead to changes in methylation levels, leading to a range of health issues.
How is Methylation Testing Done?
Methylation testing is an important step in determining the causes of impaired methylation capacity and increased oxidative stress in children with autism. Methylation tests measure the levels of several key compounds involved in the body’s methylation pathways. This includes the biomarkers S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and other important molecules related to oxidative stress.
Methylation testing is most often done using a blood sample. However, other samples such as urine, saliva, or hair can also be used. Depending on the test being done, the sample will then be analyzed to measure the levels of different biomarkers associated with methylation pathways. The results of the test can provide valuable insight into the functioning of the methylation pathways and indicate if increased oxidative stress is present. This can help guide treatment decisions and lead to better outcomes for children with autism.
What are the Treatment Options for Methylation Issues?
Methylation issues can be addressed through both conventional and alternative treatments. Conventional treatments often focus on managing symptoms and providing support to those affected by autism. These treatments may include dietary interventions, medications, speech and language therapy, and behavioral therapy.
Alternative treatments, such as antioxidant supplements, may also reduce oxidative stress in individuals with methylation issues. Antioxidants reduce the amount of free radicals in the body, which are thought to play a role in developing many chronic illnesses. Antioxidants may also help to boost the body’s natural defenses against oxidative stress. Some antioxidants that may benefit individuals with methylation issues include vitamin C, vitamin E, CoQ10, N-acetylcysteine, and glutathione. Additionally, consuming a diet rich in antioxidants from fruits and vegetables may also be beneficial. For more information on the biomedical treatment of autism check this page.
Resources
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15585776/

Passive exercises for children with developmental delay or brain injury

Delacato method: with movement for intellectual development

According to the theory developed by Philadelphia neurologist Carl Henry Delacato and his team, there is a close connection between movement and the development of the nervous system, and intellectual development. So if the child does not have a way to practice some form of movement, it must be replaced later for proper brain development.
According to the theory, individual development follows the path of stock development, so the child copies the development process that took place when he became a human in his first years.
There is a close connection between movement and the maturation of the nervous system. If the child did not have time to practice a form of movement – either because he missed it or because the next step followed too soon, for example he started walking very early and therefore did not climb for long enough – this affects later development and even causes learning difficulties and can also cause behavior.
According to the method, the child relives an earlier period of life through movement, thus bringing in your backlog.
Delacato method can be used for intellectual development?
- Delayed/defective/stuttering speech development
- Speech error
- Dyslexia/dysgraphia
- Attention deficit disorder
- Mild intellectual disability
- Clumsy movement
- Poor orientation skills
- Integration problems
How does the treatment take place?
According to Delacato, elementary movements – crawling, climbing, walking, swimming – reveal the development of each area of the nervous system. After a condition assessment, the child is given a set of 8-10 exercises, which must be repeated at home for 20-30 minutes every day. You only have to appear at one control examination a month, when you will receive a new set of exercises taking into account your progress.
The tasks develop balance, spatial perception and fine movement.
It is becoming more and more common for specialists who mainly deal with large groups to visit kindergartens as well. In such cases, 90-minute classes are held for groups of 4-5 people.
Children and young people between the ages of 5 and 16 can take part in the therapy. Since the goal of the development is to practice the missed forms of movement,teenagers do the same exercises that preschoolers do: crawling, climbing, balancing, allowing their brains and nervous systems to acquire skills that were missed in the first period.
Let's have some exercise
Check out some brain developing exercises in the related articles:
Passive exercises for children with developmental delay or brain injury
Exercises for brain and intellectual development Part 1

Movement developmental milestones: What should you pay attention to?

Children grow and develop at their own pace. This is a fact that a parent must be able to accept, just like the fact that their child may start walking or talking later. If your child does not reach certain developmental milestones, it is recommended to visit a specialist. Which milestones should you focus on?
There are children who, in terms of development, show almost a textbook example and reach each milestone on a daily basis. Then there are children who surpass their peers in everything, and there are those who develop at a slower pace , but still within the tolerance limit. When should you start worrying?
At the age of 0 - 4 months
Babies grow very quickly in the first months after birth, so parents can witness changes on a daily basis. A healthy newborn gains 140-200 grams in the first week and grows 1-2.5 cm per month. Children literally grow before our eyes and learn new skills at the same time. They must reach a certain level of development in the first four months of their lives . If you notice any of the following symptoms during this period, see your pediatrician as soon as possible, as they may indicate a developmental or other abnormality:
- squeals
- does not pay attention to loud noises
- he doesn’t look at his hands
- does not follow moving objects with his eyes
- does not grab objects
- he does not smile or laugh at the people around him
- he can’t keep his head
- not goofy and/or imitate sounds
- does not put objects in his mouth
- does not strain its paws when they touch a solid surface
At the age of 5 – 7 months
As the baby grows, its abilities and skills also develop. The five- to seven-month-old baby smiles, laughs, is excited . He grabs different objects, tastes them, snorts and makes noise. His world is expanding and he is discovering more and more of it every day. As with the previous one, there are defining milestones in this period , so be aware if you experience the following symptoms:
- his posture is stiff, his muscles tense
- his muscles are relaxed, with a rag doll posture
- he does not hold his head, his head leans back even in a sitting position
- he only reaches for the objects with one hand
- rejects babysitting
- it is not attached to the person taking care of it
- he is sensitive to light, his eyes water
- he finds it difficult to put his hand in his mouth
- it does not turn over in the fifth month
- he can’t even sit with help until the sixth month
- you don’t laugh or make a sound until the sixth month
At the age of 8 – 12 months
When they light the first candle on the birthday cake, they most likely already have a ready-made personality at home. The past months have brought physical, mental, social and emotional changes in the baby’s life, and in terms of development, further milestones lie ahead. Around 75% of children achieve these in a certain period. Watch for the following symptoms:
- does not climb or does not climb regularly, e.g. pulls one side
- unable to stand even with support
- does not search for objects hidden in plain sight
- he hasn’t said the first word yet
- does not gesticulate, e.g. he does not shake his head at the answer “no”.
- does not point to pictures or objects
Up to 2 years old
Intensive development also takes place during childhood. At the age of two, the majority of children are walking, talking, jumping, running … a little one is simply everywhere. During this very active period, many parents notice when something is wrong with their child. Why do not you speak? Why doesn’t he come? Why don’t you play the games? If you notice any of the following symptoms, do not hesitate and notify your child’s doctor:
- knows and uses less than 15 words
- does not use two-word sentences
- does not imitate words, sounds or movements
- unable to follow simple instructions (not to be confused with disobedience)
- cannot push wheeled toys
- It does not go until the age of 18 months
- even if you walk, you don’t use all parts of your foot (ie from toe to heel)
At the age of 3
The time flew by in a flash and it has now dwindled to three years. If your child has a developmental disorder , you’ve probably already discovered it, but there are still symptoms that cause concern:
- often falls and cannot climb stairs
- drools continuously and/or his speech is unintelligible
- cannot use more than 4 cubes when building a tower
- cannot manipulate small objects
- cannot draw a circle
- unable to communicate in short sentences
- he is not interested in group play, he does not participate in it
- does not understand simple instructions
- no longer interested in children
- does not maintain eye contact
- shows little interest in games
A parent knows their child best. He is the best able to assess his development and follow the progression of his behavior and skills. We always emphasize that comparison with peers is inappropriate because children develop at their own pace, but this does not mean that the child should not be monitored. If you feel that everything is not right, or if you have noticed one of the symptoms mentioned above , contact a specialist who will order the necessary tests.
Resources
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- Hsieh et al. Baicalein inhibits IL-1ß- and TNF-a-induced inflammatory cytokine production from human mast-cells via regulation of the NF-?B pathway. ClinMolAllergy. 5: 5. 2007.
- TheoharidesTC, Patra P, Boucher W, et al. Chondroitin sulphateinhibits connective tissue mast-cells. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2000;131(6):1039-1049. doi:10.1038/ sj.bjp.0703672.
- Ro JY, Lee BC, Kim JY, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of aloe single component (alprogen) on mediator release in guinea pig lung mast-cells activated with specific antigenantibodyreactions. J PharmacolExpTher. 2000;292:114–121. 73.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477254
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458279
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