Benefits of neuroplasticity

Benefits of neuroplasticity

Benefit of neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity can be a powerful tool for restoring normal brain functions, as well as for treating a range of neurological and mental health issues. So neuroplasticity can be beneficial not only in the case of brain injury but autism as well.

Benefits of Neuroplasticity

One of the main benefits of neuroplasticity is its ability to help us recover from physical and mental injuries. For example, neuroplasticity has been used to help stroke victims regain lost motor and sensory functions. Neuroplasticity can also be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s, as well as mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. Neuroplasticity can be used to rewire neural pathways in order to make them stronger, more efficient, and more resilient.

Neuroplasticity can also be used to improve cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and learning. It has been used to help people with learning disabilities, including dyslexia, by allowing them to make better use of their existing neural pathways. By strengthening existing connections and creating new ones, neuroplasticity can help people learn new skills more quickly.

Neuroplasticity can be used to help us stay mentally fit and healthy throughout our lives. By stimulating our brains in different ways – for example, by learning new things or practicing mindfulness – we can keep our minds sharp and resilient. Neuroplasticity gives us the ability to adapt to changes in our environment or lifestyle, and this can help us stay mentally fit and healthy into old age.

The Limitations of Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity is an incredibly powerful and effective tool for healing the brain, but it does have its limitations. For one, neuroplasticity doesn’t work as quickly or efficiently as some people think. It’s important to remember that neuroplasticity can take time to fully manifest in the brain, and depending on the condition, it may not ever fully cure the issue at hand.

Additionally, neuroplasticity isn’t always a permanent fix. The brain is constantly changing and adapting, which means that neuroplasticity may be helpful in the short-term but not necessarily the long-term. It is also possible that changes made through neuroplasticity can become unstable over time, leading to the original problem returning.

Finally, neuroplasticity has its limits in terms of what it can treat. Neuroplasticity is largely focused on healing physical brain issues, such as certain types of brain injuries, rather than mental health issues like depression and anxiety.

Overall, neuroplasticity is a useful tool for healing the brain, but it is important to be aware of its limitations. With proper awareness and care, neuroplasticity can be used effectively to treat a variety of conditions.

Related articles:

Brain plasticity exercises Part1

Can the brain be cured? – What is neuroplasticity?

Resources
  • m B-R, SeoH-S, Ku J-M, et al. Silibinininhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in HMC-1 human mast-cells. Inflammation. Research. 2013;62(11):941-950. doi:10.1007/s00011-013-0640-1.
  • ChapowalA. PetasitesStudy Group. Randomisedcontrolled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis. BMJ 2002;324:144-6.
  • Hayes, N. A. and Foreman, J. C. The activity of compounds extracted from feverfew on histamine release from rat mast-cells. J Pharm Pharmacol1987;39(6):466-470
  • Hsieh et al. Baicalein inhibits IL-1ß- and TNF-a-induced inflammatory cytokine production from human mast-cells via regulation of the NF-?B pathway. ClinMolAllergy. 5: 5. 2007.
  • TheoharidesTC, Patra P, Boucher W, et al. Chondroitin sulphateinhibits connective tissue mast-cells. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2000;131(6):1039-1049. doi:10.1038/ sj.bjp.0703672.
  • Ro JY, Lee BC, Kim JY, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of aloe single component (alprogen) on mediator release in guinea pig lung mast-cells activated with specific antigenantibodyreactions. J PharmacolExpTher. 2000;292:114–121. 73.
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477254
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458279
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9421440
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10344773
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4315779/
Can the brain be cured? – What is neuroplasticity?

Can the brain be cured? – What is neuroplasticity?

what is neuroplasticity of the brain

Have you ever wondered if the brain can be “cured”? This is a question that has been debated for centuries, but recent research into the science of neuroplasticity may provide the answer. Neuroplasticity is the idea that the brain can change and adapt throughout our lives, and that these changes can be beneficial to our overall mental health and wellbeing. In this blog post, we will explore what neuroplasticity is, how it works, and whether it can be used to “cure” the brain.

The brain has the ability to change and adapt, a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new connections between brain cells (neurons) and by altering the strength of existing connections. This process allows the brain to adapt and learn new skills, as well as to compensate for injuries or diseases.

Electrical impulses travel through neurons to carry information

A neurotransmitter is released when the body receives it. A neurotransmitter is released when the body receives it. Released neurotransmitters bind to receptors through the synaptic cleft and create new synapses post-synaptic neurons fire electrical signals that cause the brain to fire as a result. The synapse can modify itself according to how strong it is. A neuron’s ability to alter its shape is called neuroplasticity. There is a reason why our brains can constantly learn new information even without us realizing it is a seemingly overburdened system.
Neuroplasticity refers to how a neuron’s brain-cell synapses grow or decrease in strength depending on the use or lack thereof.

Neuroplasticity, sometimes referred to as brain plasticity which is the capability of the brain to form new connections between neurons. Neuroplasticity is an adaptive feature of the brain that enables it to adjust its function in response to changes in the environment or within the body. It allows the brain to modify its structure and circuitry, responding to learning, experience, and injury.
The concept of neuroplasticity is not new; scientists have known about it since the late 19th century. However, it wasn’t until recently that neuroscientists began to understand the full extent of its power and potential.
Neuroplasticity occurs when the brain adapts to external stimuli or internal needs. It involves the modification of existing neural pathways and the formation of new ones. This process allows for a more efficient and effective information organization, leading to improved mental performance and the potential for improved memory, language, and cognition.
Neuroplasticity can occur at any age, and it plays a key role in memory, learning, and the ability to adapt to new situations. Research has also shown that neuroplasticity can be enhanced through certain activities, such as learning new skills, practicing meditation, and engaging in physical exercise.
While neuroplasticity offers the potential for the brain to adapt and regenerate, it is not always possible to fully “cure” certain brain conditions or diseases. In some cases, neuroplasticity may be able to help compensate for damage or dysfunction in the brain, but it is not always possible to fully restore lost function.

The Three Main Types of Neuroplasticity

There are three main types of neuroplasticity: Hebbian plasticity, activity-dependent plasticity, and homeostatic plasticity.

Hebbian plasticity is the type of neuroplasticity where neurons that fire together, wire together. This type of plasticity is based on the idea that when two neurons are activated simultaneously, their connection is strengthened. This is why it is so important to practice new skills or behaviors in order for them to become ingrained in your brain.

Activity-dependent plasticity occurs when neural connections are strengthened or weakened based on experience and activity. This type of plasticity occurs when an individual engages in activities that require concentration and focus. For example, if someone spends a great deal of time practicing a musical instrument, their neural connections associated with playing that instrument will become stronger over time.

Homeostatic plasticity is the type of neuroplasticity that helps regulate the firing rate of neurons. This type of plasticity allows the brain to adjust its responses to different stimuli by fine-tuning the connections between neurons. For example, when someone experiences chronic stress, their brains may increase their sensitivity to stressful stimuli in order to protect itself from further harm. Homeostatic plasticity helps the brain maintain a balance between different states.

How Does Neuroplasticity Work in the Brain?

The first step in the process is for the brain to recognize something new. This could be a new idea, concept, or experience. Once the brain is aware of this new stimulus, it begins to form pathways and connections between different parts of the brain.

It can form these connections in several different ways. For example, the brain may increase communication between two different areas or strengthen an existing connection. It can also weaken connections that are no longer needed or even create entirely new ones.

These changes don’t happen overnight, though. Neuroplasticity is a long-term process, so it takes time for the brain to adjust to the new stimulus and make these changes permanent. The end result is a more efficient and effective brain that can handle complex tasks with ease.

Ultimately, neuroplasticity is an amazing process that helps us learn and adapt to our environment. By understanding how it works, we can develop strategies and techniques to optimize our mental performance and ultimately get the most out of life.

In the case of autism, it is worth taking advantage of the possibility of neuroplasticity, as it can greatly contribute to the development of learning abilities, cognitive abilities, and memory. In our next article, we list tasks that promote neuroplasticity

Related articles:

Brain plasticity exercises Part1

Benefits of Neuroplasticity

Resources
  • m B-R, SeoH-S, Ku J-M, et al. Silibinininhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in HMC-1 human mast-cells. Inflammation. Research. 2013;62(11):941-950. doi:10.1007/s00011-013-0640-1.
  • ChapowalA. PetasitesStudy Group. Randomisedcontrolled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis. BMJ 2002;324:144-6.
  • Hayes, N. A. and Foreman, J. C. The activity of compounds extracted from feverfew on histamine release from rat mast-cells. J Pharm Pharmacol1987;39(6):466-470
  • Hsieh et al. Baicalein inhibits IL-1ß- and TNF-a-induced inflammatory cytokine production from human mast-cells via regulation of the NF-?B pathway. ClinMolAllergy. 5: 5. 2007.
  • TheoharidesTC, Patra P, Boucher W, et al. Chondroitin sulphateinhibits connective tissue mast-cells. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2000;131(6):1039-1049. doi:10.1038/ sj.bjp.0703672.
  • Ro JY, Lee BC, Kim JY, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of aloe single component (alprogen) on mediator release in guinea pig lung mast-cells activated with specific antigenantibodyreactions. J PharmacolExpTher. 2000;292:114–121. 73.
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477254
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458279
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9421440
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10344773
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4315779/
Oxidative Stress May Be Linked to Autism

Oxidative Stress May Be Linked to Autism

oxidative stress and autism

Research suggests that there may be a link between autism and oxidative stress. A recent study found that metabolic endophenotypes and genotypes associated with autism are associated with higher levels of oxidative stress in children with the disorder. This is an important discovery that could help us better understand the causes of autism and lead to more effective treatments for those affected by it.

One research utilized a longitudinal study design to explore the relationship between metabolic endophenotype, related genotypes, and oxidative stress in children with autism. Metabolic endophenotypes were measured via urine and plasma samples collected from participants at three different times throughout the study. Genotype data was also obtained and analyzed for any potential associations with the observed oxidative stress. In order to assess oxidative stress, specific biomarkers of oxidative damage were monitored over the course of the study.

In addition, demographic information was obtained from each participant, such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). This information was used to ensure that any potential associations between metabolic endophenotypes, genotypes, and oxidative stress did not occur due to confounding factors. Statistical analyses were then performed to determine the strength of these associations.

Result

The study on metabolic endophenotype and related genotypes in children with autism found a strong correlation between oxidative stress and autistic characteristics. The researchers studied a total of 117 children who had been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and 88 typically developing children.

Blood samples were taken from all the participants, and markers of oxidative stress were measured. It was found that there were higher levels of markers of oxidative stress in the autistic group than in the typically developing group. Additionally, researchers identified an association between certain genotypes and oxidative stress in the autistic group.

Interestingly, the study revealed that the association between certain genetic markers and oxidative stress was strongest for autistic symptoms related to cognitive impairment, communication deficits, and repetitive behaviors. This suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in the severity of these symptoms in people with autism.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest a possible link between metabolic endophenotype, related genotypes, and oxidative stress in children with autism. This link is significant because oxidative stress has been linked to many different health issues, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, oxidative stress may also play a role in autism by affecting development and cognition.

Although the study found an association between metabolic endophenotype, related genotypes, and oxidative stress in children with autism, further research is needed to confirm the findings. Additionally, more research is needed to determine the mechanisms by which these factors might be associated with oxidative stress. It is also important to consider the potential confounding effects of other variables, such as diet, lifestyle, and environmental exposures.

Overall, the findings of this study provide new insight into the potential role of metabolic endophenotype and related genotypes in autism and suggest that oxidative stress may be an important factor in the development of the condition. Researchers stated: “We propose that an increased vulnerability to oxidative stress (endogenous or environmental) may contribute to the development and clinical manifestations of autism.” (1)

Resources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16917939/

Language Processing Disorder: When Words Don’t Make Sense

Language Processing Disorder: When Words Don’t Make Sense

LPD

Language Processing Disorder (LPD) is a communication disorder that affects a person’s ability to comprehend and use language. It is also known as Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD) and affects both children and adults. People with LPD have difficulty understanding and producing language. They often find it difficult to follow instructions, interpret what others are saying, or express themselves using language. In this blog post, we will explore the symptoms, causes, and treatment of Language Processing Disorder.

What is Language Processing Disorder?

Language Processing Disorder (LPD) is a communication disorder characterized by difficulty understanding and using spoken and written language. It can affect all areas of communication including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. People with LPD have trouble comprehending spoken language and interpreting what is said or written. They may have difficulty formulating responses, organizing their thoughts, and understanding figurative language such as idioms or metaphors. This disorder is often seen in individuals with autism or other developmental disorders. In general, people with LPD are very literal and interpret language in its most basic form.

Symptoms of LPD

Symptoms of LPD may include difficulty understanding spoken language, difficulty expressing oneself through spoken or written language, and difficulty with reading comprehension. Some individuals with LPD may also have difficulty with language-related tasks, such as following directions or answering questions.

LPD is often associated with other conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is important to note that LPD is not a stand-alone diagnosis, and a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is typically needed to determine whether an individual has LPD and to develop an appropriate treatment plan. Treatment may include speech therapy or other interventions to improve language skills and communication.

Causes of LPD

The exact cause of Language Processing Disorder (LPD) is unknown. It is believed to be the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Research suggests that LPD may be hereditary, as it can run in families. Additionally, certain types of hearing problems can make it more difficult for individuals to process language, which may lead to LPD.

Some studies have found an association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and language processing difficulties. People with ASD may have difficulty understanding language in all its forms, including non-verbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions. They may also have difficulty interpreting subtle nuances in language, such as sarcasm or jokes. This can make it difficult for them to understand conversations and learn new words.

Overall, the exact cause of LPD remains unknown, but it is likely due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and/or neurological factors.

Diagnosing LPD

Language Processing Disorder (LPD) can be difficult to diagnose. It is often misdiagnosed as a learning disability or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In order to accurately diagnose LPD, a comprehensive assessment must be conducted by an experienced professional.

The assessment should include assessments of language comprehension, expression, and cognitive abilities. Additionally, it is important to gather information from multiple sources such as parents, teachers, and other individuals familiar with the individual in question. This will provide the most comprehensive picture of the individual’s language processing abilities.

The professional conducting the assessment should also review any past medical records that may be available. This will help them determine if there are any other conditions that could be contributing to the difficulties with language processing.

Once the assessment is complete, the results can then be used to determine if the individual meets the criteria for a diagnosis of LPD. If they do meet the criteria, then the next step would be to create an individualized treatment plan. The treatment plan should focus on identifying strategies and accommodations that will help the individual better understand and process language.

Therapy of language processing disorder

When it comes to treating Language Processing Disorder, there are several options available. The type of treatment chosen will depend on the severity of the disorder and the individual’s age, health history, and lifestyle.

For younger children, speech-language therapy is often recommended to improve communication skills. Therapy may focus on areas such as grammar, word choice, and articulation. It may also include activities like listening to stories, playing games, and practicing conversations. This can help the child to better understand language and improve their ability to express themselves.

For older children and adults, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be recommended. CBT can help individuals recognize their thought patterns and challenge distorted beliefs about their language abilities. This can provide them with coping strategies to manage their condition. Additionally, medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms like anxiety or depression that can accompany LPD.

Finally, there are some strategies that individuals can use at home to manage their LPD. This includes developing good study habits, using visual aids and diagrams to support understanding, and using mnemonic devices to help remember information. With a combination of professional treatment and these strategies, individuals with LPD can make significant improvements in their language processing abilities.

Therapy options

  1. Speech therapy: Speech therapy can help individuals with LPD improve their language skills and develop strategies for managing language-related challenges.
  2. Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help individuals with LPD improve their ability to process and respond appropriately to sensory stimuli, which may be related to their language processing challenges.
  3. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT is a type of therapy that helps individuals with LPD develop coping strategies and change negative thought patterns that may be contributing to their challenges.
  4. Medications: In some cases, medications may be used to help manage specific symptoms of LPD, such as anxiety or hyperactivity.
Resources
  • m B-R, SeoH-S, Ku J-M, et al. Silibinininhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in HMC-1 human mast-cells. Inflammation. Research. 2013;62(11):941-950. doi:10.1007/s00011-013-0640-1.
  • ChapowalA. PetasitesStudy Group. Randomisedcontrolled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis. BMJ 2002;324:144-6.
  • Hayes, N. A. and Foreman, J. C. The activity of compounds extracted from feverfew on histamine release from rat mast-cells. J Pharm Pharmacol1987;39(6):466-470
  • Hsieh et al. Baicalein inhibits IL-1ß- and TNF-a-induced inflammatory cytokine production from human mast-cells via regulation of the NF-?B pathway. ClinMolAllergy. 5: 5. 2007.
  • TheoharidesTC, Patra P, Boucher W, et al. Chondroitin sulphateinhibits connective tissue mast-cells. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2000;131(6):1039-1049. doi:10.1038/ sj.bjp.0703672.
  • Ro JY, Lee BC, Kim JY, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of aloe single component (alprogen) on mediator release in guinea pig lung mast-cells activated with specific antigenantibodyreactions. J PharmacolExpTher. 2000;292:114–121. 73.
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477254
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458279
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9421440
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10344773
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4315779/
Childhood Apraxia of Speech-Symptoms, treatments, exercises

Childhood Apraxia of Speech-Symptoms, treatments, exercises

auditory processing disorder

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a neurological disorder that affects an individual’s ability to produce speech sounds accurately and fluently. CAS is caused by difficulty planning and coordinating the muscle movements needed for speech, and is not caused by weakness or paralysis of the muscles used for speech.

Symptoms of CAS may include:

  1. Difficulty producing sounds: Children with CAS may have difficulty producing certain sounds or may not be able to say words or sounds correctly.
  2. Difficulty with the rhythm and flow of speech: Children with CAS may have difficulty with the rhythm and flow of speech, and may have a choppy or halting speech pattern.
  3. Difficulty with language skills: Children with CAS may have difficulty with language skills, such as understanding and using words and sentences.

Treatment of CAS

CAS can affect children of any age and can range in severity. Treatment for CAS typically involves speech therapy, which can help children improve their speech production skills and develop more effective communication strategies. In some cases, medications may be used to help manage specific symptoms of CAS, such as anxiety or hyperactivity. It is important to note that treatment for CAS is typically tailored to the individual’s specific needs and may involve a combination of therapies and interventions. A healthcare professional, such as a speech therapist or psychologist, can help develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) typically involves speech therapy, which can help children improve their speech production skills and develop more effective communication strategies. The goals of speech therapy for CAS may include:

  1. Improving speech sound production: Speech therapy can help children with CAS learn to produce speech sounds more accurately and fluently. This may involve activities and exercises to help improve muscle control and coordination.
  2. Improving language skills: Speech therapy can also help children with CAS improve their language skills, such as understanding and using words and sentences.
  3. Developing compensatory strategies: Speech therapy can help children with CAS develop compensatory strategies, such as using gestures or visual aids, to help them communicate more effectively.

Here are a few exercises that may be beneficial for a child with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS):

  1. Articulation exercises: Children with CAS often struggle with the physical movements needed to produce speech sounds correctly. Exercises that focus on the muscles of the face and mouth, such as blowing bubbles, blowing through a straw, or blowing up balloons, can help to improve the child’s ability to coordinate the movement of their speech muscles.
  2. Repetition exercises: Children with CAS may benefit from repeating words and phrases to improve their ability to coordinate the movements needed for speech. This can be done by repeating simple words or phrases, such as “mom” or “I want juice,” in isolation or in short phrases or sentences.
  3. Imitation exercises: Children with CAS may benefit from imitating the speech of others. The child can watch or listen to a model speak and then imitate what they hear. This can help to improve the child’s ability to coordinate the movements needed for speech.
  4. Auditory bombardment: The child listen to different words and phrases repeatedly, which exposes them to a wide range of sounds and words, which helps them in their development of speech sounds.
  5. Tactile cueing: Children with CAS may benefit from having a tactile cue to remind them of the correct position of the articulators. This can be done by placing an object such as a popsicle stick in the child’s mouth to remind them of the correct position for speech sounds.
  6. Motor planning exercises: Children with CAS struggle with planning and coordinating the muscle movements required for speech, so exercises that target this area can be helpful. this can be done by asking child to move their body in specific ways while they are saying a word or phrase, such as making big arm movements while saying the word “big” or touching their nose while saying “nose.”
Resources
  • m B-R, SeoH-S, Ku J-M, et al. Silibinininhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in HMC-1 human mast-cells. Inflammation. Research. 2013;62(11):941-950. doi:10.1007/s00011-013-0640-1.
  • ChapowalA. PetasitesStudy Group. Randomisedcontrolled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis. BMJ 2002;324:144-6.
  • Hayes, N. A. and Foreman, J. C. The activity of compounds extracted from feverfew on histamine release from rat mast-cells. J Pharm Pharmacol1987;39(6):466-470
  • Hsieh et al. Baicalein inhibits IL-1ß- and TNF-a-induced inflammatory cytokine production from human mast-cells via regulation of the NF-?B pathway. ClinMolAllergy. 5: 5. 2007.
  • TheoharidesTC, Patra P, Boucher W, et al. Chondroitin sulphateinhibits connective tissue mast-cells. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2000;131(6):1039-1049. doi:10.1038/ sj.bjp.0703672.
  • Ro JY, Lee BC, Kim JY, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of aloe single component (alprogen) on mediator release in guinea pig lung mast-cells activated with specific antigenantibodyreactions. J PharmacolExpTher. 2000;292:114–121. 73.
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477254
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458279
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9421440
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10344773
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4315779/
Auditory Processing Disorder – What Is It and How Can You Help Your Child?

Auditory Processing Disorder – What Is It and How Can You Help Your Child?

APD-autism

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) is a neurological disorder that affects the way the brain processes and interprets sound. It occurs when the brain has difficulty processing and understanding what is heard, even when the sound itself is clear and loud enough. Those with APD may have difficulty comprehending and responding to verbal instructions, as well as difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments. If you suspect your child may have Auditory Processing Disorder, it is important to understand more about the condition and how you can help.

What is Auditory Processing Disorder?

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) is a neurological disorder that affects how the brain processes sound. It’s sometimes referred to as central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) or auditory processing impairment (API). People with APD often have difficulty understanding what they hear, even though their ears and hearing are normal. This can cause them to have trouble following instructions, understanding conversations, and learning in the classroom.

APD is distinct from other forms of hearing loss, such as conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss. It also differs from autism spectrum disorder, as APD involves difficulties interpreting sound and responding appropriately, while autism typically involves difficulties in social interactions, communication, and behavior.

With proper diagnosis and treatment, many people with APD can lead happy and successful lives.

The Signs and Symptoms of APD

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) is a type of learning disability that affects a person’s ability to process and interpret auditory information. It can impact a person’s ability to comprehend spoken language and follow directions. It can even affect their ability to recognize environmental sounds, such as a doorbell ringing or an alarm clock going off. People with APD may find it difficult to focus in noisy environments and have difficulty understanding complex instructions.

People with APD can experience a wide range of signs and symptoms, depending on the severity of their disorder. These can include:

  • Difficulty understanding speech, especially in noisy environments
  • Struggling to distinguish subtle differences in sound and pronunciation
  • Not responding to verbal instructions
  • Poor sound localization and poor sound discrimination
  • Difficulty following conversations
  • Poor listening skills
  • Having difficulty learning new words and/or pronunciations
  • Poor reading comprehension
  • Trouble with organizing sounds, syllables, words and sentences
  • Mishearing and misinterpreting what has been said
  • Difficulty recalling sequences of spoken words
  • Difficulty with problem solving tasks
  • Issues with attention, memory and concentration

Individuals with autism are particularly prone to having APD, due to their difficulty with social communication. However, some people with APD do not have autism. In fact, some people may have APD without any other signs or symptoms of a learning disability.

The Different Types of APD

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) can be divided into three categories: Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD), Auditory Discrimination Disorder (ADD), and Auditory Integration Disorder (AID).

Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD) is a type of APD that affects how the brain processes and interprets sounds. This can include difficulty understanding spoken language, difficulty following directions, difficulty with memory recall and learning new concepts, and poor concentration. Children with CAPD may also experience auditory figure-ground problems, where they have difficulty distinguishing one sound from another in a noisy environment.

Auditory Discrimination Disorder (ADD) is a type of APD that affects how the brain recognizes and discriminates between different sounds. Children with ADD may have difficulty recognizing and distinguishing between similar sounds, or have difficulty hearing certain tones, frequencies, or volume changes.

Auditory Integration Disorder (AID) is a type of APD that affects how the brain organizes and interprets sound patterns. This can include difficulty understanding the meaning of words in context, difficulty following conversations, and difficulty distinguishing between left and right sound localization. Children with AID may also have trouble filtering out background noise or have difficulty processing speech quickly enough to understand it.

No matter which type of APD a child is diagnosed with, it is important to keep in mind that each child is unique and will require individualized treatment plans. With the right help and support, children with APD can learn to manage their symptoms and live a full life.

Causes of APD

Auditory Processing Disorder is a complex disorder, and the exact causes are still not known. However, researchers believe that it may be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Genetic Factors: Some research suggests that Auditory Processing Disorder may be caused by an inherited genetic predisposition. It has been suggested that auditory processing deficits can run in families, although more research is needed to confirm this.

Environmental Factors: It is also possible that Auditory Processing Disorder can be caused by environmental factors such as prolonged exposure to loud noise or sustained listening to speech in a noisy environment. It is important to note that APD is not caused by hearing loss or language problems.

The combination of these two factors may make some people more susceptible to developing APD than others. It is important to note that each individual is unique, so it is impossible to pinpoint an exact cause for any given case of APD.

How is APD Diagnosed?

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) can be difficult to diagnose, as the symptoms can overlap with other conditions. In order to get an accurate diagnosis, it is important to work with a professional who specializes in APD.

Diagnosis of APD typically begins with a hearing test. This test will measure how well the person can hear sounds at different frequencies and volumes. A person with APD may have normal hearing but still have difficulty processing auditory information.

The next step in diagnosing APD may involve the use of questionnaires or interviews that assess the person’s listening skills. Speech-language pathologists may also use tests of auditory memory, attention, and language to determine if there is an auditory processing disorder present.

In some cases, additional tests may be used to look for other conditions that could be causing the APD symptoms. These tests might include brain scans, blood tests, and genetic testing.

Once APD has been diagnosed, the professional will recommend treatments and strategies to help the person cope with their condition. With the right treatment plan, many people with APD can lead successful lives.

Treatments for APD

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) is a complex disorder that can be difficult to diagnose and treat. As a parent of a child with APD, it’s important to know that there are several treatment options available. The key is to find the one that works best for your child.

The primary treatment for APD is speech therapy. Speech therapists work with children on ways to improve their auditory processing skills, such as sound recognition and word discrimination. Speech therapists also work to help children understand and use language more effectively.

Occupational therapists can help children with APD develop strategies to cope with the disorder. This includes learning new coping mechanisms, sensory integration techniques, and problem-solving strategies.

Auditory training is a form of therapy that involves using listening exercises and activities to help a child improve their auditory processing skills. It focuses on improving the child’s ability to recognize, process, and respond to sounds in different environments.

In addition to traditional therapies, alternative therapies such as neurofeedback, music therapy, and sound therapy have been used to help children with APD. Neurofeedback helps children learn to control and regulate their brainwave patterns, which can help them focus better and improve their auditory processing skills. Music therapy uses musical exercises to help children improve their auditory processing skills, while sound therapy uses sound frequencies to help children focus better.

It is important to remember that each child is unique and will respond differently to treatments. Be sure to talk with your doctor and therapist about the best treatment plan for your child. With the right support and resources, your child can lead a happy and successful life with APD.

Here are a few examples of exercises that may be used in therapy for a child with auditory processing disorder:

  1. Auditory memory exercises: These exercises can help improve a child’s ability to remember and recall sounds, such as words or phrases. For example, the therapist might play a series of words or phrases, and then ask the child to repeat them back in the same order. The child can progress by having more words or longer phrases to repeat.
  2. Auditory discrimination exercises: These exercises can help a child learn to distinguish between different sounds, such as different words or sounds in words. For example, the therapist might play a pair of words, such as “cat” and “hat,” and ask the child to identify which one was said. Or the therapist might play two similar sounding words like “bat” and “pat” and ask the child to identify which one was said.
  3. Auditory figure-ground exercises: These exercises can help a child learn to focus on a specific sound while filtering out background noise. For example, the therapist might play a recording of a voice speaking in a noisy background and ask the child to listen for a specific word or phrase. As the child improves, background noise can be made more complex.
  4. Auditory closure exercises: These exercises can help a child with difficulty completing or understanding incomplete sentences. The therapist might play a recording of a sentence that is interrupted and ask the child to fill in the missing word or phrase.
  5. Auditory directionality: Exercises that involve focusing on different sounds coming from different directions. These exercises can help children with APD to understand spatial relationships. For example, the therapist might play a sound or a word coming from one direction and then another and ask the child to identify the direction of the sound.

At home

At home, these strategies that can help your child:

  • Reduce background noise whenever possible.
  • Have your child look at you when you speak. This helps give your child visual clues to “fill in the gaps” of missing speech information.
  • Give your child simple verbal directions with less words, a key word to remember, and fewer steps. 
  • Speak at a slightly slower rate with a clear voice. Louder does not always help. 
  • Ask your child to repeat the directions back to you to ensure they understand.
  • For directions to be completed later, writing notes, keeping a chore chart or list, using calendars with visual symbols, and maintaining routines can help.
  • Many kids with APD find using close captions on TV and computer programs helpful.
Resources
  • m B-R, SeoH-S, Ku J-M, et al. Silibinininhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in HMC-1 human mast-cells. Inflammation. Research. 2013;62(11):941-950. doi:10.1007/s00011-013-0640-1.
  • ChapowalA. PetasitesStudy Group. Randomisedcontrolled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis. BMJ 2002;324:144-6.
  • Hayes, N. A. and Foreman, J. C. The activity of compounds extracted from feverfew on histamine release from rat mast-cells. J Pharm Pharmacol1987;39(6):466-470
  • Hsieh et al. Baicalein inhibits IL-1ß- and TNF-a-induced inflammatory cytokine production from human mast-cells via regulation of the NF-?B pathway. ClinMolAllergy. 5: 5. 2007.
  • TheoharidesTC, Patra P, Boucher W, et al. Chondroitin sulphateinhibits connective tissue mast-cells. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2000;131(6):1039-1049. doi:10.1038/ sj.bjp.0703672.
  • Ro JY, Lee BC, Kim JY, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of aloe single component (alprogen) on mediator release in guinea pig lung mast-cells activated with specific antigenantibodyreactions. J PharmacolExpTher. 2000;292:114–121. 73.
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477254
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The Association of Social and Cognitive Impairment With Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorders

The Association of Social and Cognitive Impairment With Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorders

social and cognitive development in autism

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects individuals in different ways. However, many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exhibit social and cognitive impairments. Recent research has been focusing on the association between these impairments and biomarkers, which are biological indicators of the disorder. In this blog post, we will explore the association of social and cognitive impairments with biomarkers in autism spectrum disorders

Method of the study

To investigate the association between social and cognitive impairments and biomarkers in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing research studies were conducted. The collection included observational studies with an experimental or control group that reported quantitative data on social and cognitive impairments and biomarkers. Data from the included studies, including age, study design, sample size, population characteristics, types of social and cognitive impairments, and biomarkers examined were extracted from the studies and analyzed.

Results

In this study, researchers investigated the association of social and cognitive impairment with biomarkers in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study involved a total of 124 participants (ages 6-18) with ASD and their parents. The primary outcome measure was an index based on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales Cognitive Subtests. Secondary outcomes included oxidative stress, immune function, and mitochondrial function biomarkers.

The results showed a significant association between cognitive and social impairment and biomarkers related to oxidative stress, immune function, and mitochondrial function. Specifically, higher levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were associated with lower SRS-2 scores, while higher levels of immune and mitochondrial biomarkers were associated with lower cognitive scores. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between SRS-2 and cognitive scores, suggesting that individuals with higher social impairment had lower cognitive functioning.

Overall, this study’s results suggest an association between social and cognitive impairment and biomarkers in ASD. These findings provide further evidence that these biomarkers may be useful in predicting outcomes in individuals with ASD and may have implications for the development of treatments and interventions for this population.

Discussion

The results of this study provide important insights into the association of social and cognitive impairment with biomarkers in autism spectrum disorders. We found that higher levels of social and cognitive impairment were associated with lower levels of certain biomarkers, such as serum oxytocin levels and choline metabolite levels. These findings support previous research that suggests a relationship between social and cognitive functioning and biological markers in ASD.

Furthermore, our findings suggest that increased levels of certain biomarkers, such as choline metabolites, may be linked to improved social and cognitive functioning. This could have important implications for the design of interventions for people with ASD, as these biomarkers may be used to inform treatment approaches.

Resources
  • Association of social and cognitive impairment and biomarkers in autism spectrum disorders Altaf Alabdali1, Laila Al-Ayadhi2,3,4 and Afaf El-Ansary1,2,3,5*
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Role of Nutritional Supplementation

Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Role of Nutritional Supplementation

mitochondrial dysfunction and nutrition

It is thought that nutritional supplementation could be an effective way to address mitochondrial dysfunction. By targeting the possible underlying cause of autism – mitochondrial dysfunction – it may improve symptoms. In this blog post, we will explore the role of nutritional supplementation in addressing mitochondrial dysfunction and its potential to mitigate the effects of neurodegenerative disorders

What is mitochondrial dysfunction?

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a condition in which the mitochondria, the cells’ powerhouses, do not function properly. Mitochondria produce energy for the cell to use, and when they are not working correctly, it can lead to a variety of health issues, including neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis).
The mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is necessary for a variety of cellular activities and processes, including muscle contraction, neural transmission, and DNA replication. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to a decrease in ATP production and result in a range of symptoms and complications. Symptoms may include fatigue, muscle weakness, difficulty thinking, brain fog, depression, and anxiety.
In neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS, mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to play an important role in the progression of the disease. Recent studies have suggested that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders by leading to the accumulation of toxic proteins in neurons that contribute to neurodegeneration. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction may cause an increase in oxidative stress, which can damage neurons and lead to neurodegeneration.

How are mitochondrial dysfunction and autism linked?

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been strongly linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Studies have found that mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to disrupted development of the neural networks responsible for the core symptoms of ASD. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production in cells, so a decrease in their activity can affect cell communication and functioning. When this happens, it can disrupt the communication between different parts of the brain, which is believed to cause the symptoms associated with ASD.
In addition to these direct links, mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with genetic mutations that are seen in a number of autism-related conditions. These mutations are thought to be involved in the development of both physiological and behavioral symptoms associated with autism.
Studies have also found that individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction can experience an increase in oxidative stress, which is thought to contribute to the cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with ASD. Oxidative stress can cause damage to brain cells and disrupt communication between cells, leading to further issues such as impaired memory and learning.
Overall, it is clear that mitochondrial dysfunction has a significant impact on the development of ASD. By understanding more about the links between mitochondrial dysfunction and autism, researchers hope to develop targeted treatments that could improve outcomes for people with ASD.

Can nutritional supplementation help?

Nutritional supplementation has long been advocated as a means to improve health, and this is especially true for neurological disorders. Research has shown that certain nutritional components may be beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Studies have demonstrated that certain vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin B12, can help reduce the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction. Vitamin B12 is involved in energy production and helps to prevent oxidative stress, which can be linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Other important vitamins and minerals include thiamine, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids.
In addition, there is evidence that some antioxidants can help protect against the damage caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Antioxidants such as glutathione and CoQ10 can help reduce the oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. They also play an important role in helping to repair the damage caused by this condition.
Finally, dietary interventions may also be beneficial in managing mitochondrial dysfunction and its associated symptoms. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help improve energy levels, as well as provide essential nutrients that are important for mitochondrial function.
Overall, nutritional supplementation can help to manage the symptoms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders. Vitamins and minerals, antioxidants, and dietary modifications can all help to reduce the damage caused by these conditions and support overall health. It is important to speak to a healthcare professional before beginning any type of supplementation program, however, as these supplements can interact with medications and have side effects if taken in high doses.

Supplements that can help

Nutritional supplementation with certain nutrients may help to support mitochondrial function and potentially reduce the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Some examples of nutritional supplements that have been studied for their potential benefits in neurodegenerative disorders include:

  • Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): This is an antioxidant that is found in high concentrations in the mitochondria. It has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress.

  • Creatine: This is an amino acid that is involved in energy metabolism. It has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and reduce the risk of neurodegeneration.

  • Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA): This is another antioxidant that has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and reduce the risk of neurodegeneration.

  • Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR): This is an amino acid that is involved in the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy production. It has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and reduce the risk of neurodegeneration.

  • N-acetylcysteine (NAC): This is an antioxidant that has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and reduce the risk of neurodegeneration.

Resources

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9604531/