The NRF2 Pathway: How to Increase Your Body’s Ability to Get Rid of Toxins

The NRF2 Pathway: How to Increase Your Body’s Ability to Get Rid of Toxins

Detoxification

NRF2<br />

The NRF2 Pathway is a powerful mechanism within the body that helps us to get rid of toxins. It is a vital part of our natural detoxification process, and is especially important in keeping our bodies healthy and free of toxins.

By understanding the NRF2 Pathway and how it works, we can learn how to increase our body’s ability to get rid of toxins more effectively. In this blog post, we will discuss the NRF2 Pathway, how it works, and what we can do to increase our body’s detoxification capabilities. 

What is the NRF2 Pathway?

The NRF2 Pathway is a cellular signaling pathway that is responsible for regulating the body’s defense against oxidative stress and inflammation. It is also known as the “master regulator” of the body’s antioxidant system. The NRF2 pathway works by increasing the expression of various antioxidant enzymes and reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines, thus helping the body protect itself from damage caused by toxins.

This pathway is essential for maintaining health and fighting off diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses. In addition, the NRF2 pathway has been found to help reduce inflammation, which can be beneficial in reducing pain and other symptoms associated with chronic conditions. Furthermore, research has indicated that activating the NRF2 pathway can even protect against some types of cancer.

What are the benefits of increasing the body's ability to get rid of toxins?

The NRF2 pathway plays a crucial role in the body’s ability to get rid of toxins. When activated, it helps to activate the body’s own natural antioxidant and detoxification systems. This can help protect your cells from damage caused by free radicals, environmental pollutants, and other toxic chemicals.

Activation of the NRF2 pathway has been shown to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the body. This can lead to better overall health, as well as improved mental and physical performance. It also helps to boost your energy levels and promote a stronger immune system.

There are several other potential benefits associated with activating the NRF2 pathway. It may help protect against chronic illnesses such as heart disease, stroke, and cancer. It can also reduce symptoms associated with allergies and asthma. Additionally, it may improve cognitive function, such as memory and focus.

Overall, increasing the body’s ability to get rid of toxins can have numerous positive health effects. By activating the NRF2 pathway, you can potentially benefit from increased protection against free radical damage and toxins in the environment. You can also enjoy improved overall health and well-being, as well as enhanced physical and mental performance.

How can you increase your body's ability to get rid of toxins?

The NRF2 pathway is an important tool for improving the body’s ability to get rid of toxins. It works by activating antioxidant genes and proteins that help reduce oxidative stress, which can increase your body’s ability to detoxify. By activating this pathway, your body can become more efficient in removing harmful substances.

There are a few ways to increase your body's ability to get rid of toxins through the NRF2 pathway:

1. Diet: Eating foods that contain compounds like sulforaphane, polyphenols, and resveratrol can help activate the NRF2 pathway. These compounds can be found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and kale, as well as in nuts, seeds, and legumes.

2. Supplements: Taking supplements like curcumin, alpha lipoic acid, and N-acetyl cysteine can also help activate the NRF2 pathway and support your body’s detoxification processes.

3. Exercise: Exercise has been shown to activate the NRF2 pathway as well as increase the efficiency of antioxidant enzymes in the body. Regular exercise helps reduce oxidative stress and improve your body’s ability to get rid of toxins.

By following these simple steps, you can help your body become more efficient in removing toxins and protecting itself from the effects of oxidative stress.

What are some things that you can do to protect your body from toxins?

Protecting your body from toxins is an important part of staying healthy and maintaining optimal health. To protect your body from toxins, there are several steps you can take.

The first step is to limit your exposure to potential toxins. This includes avoiding products with synthetic chemicals, artificial colors and flavors, preservatives, and other questionable ingredients. You can also limit your exposure to environmental pollutants like car exhaust, pesticides, and other industrial chemicals.

Second, you can increase your intake of antioxidant-rich foods like berries, leafy greens, and dark chocolate. Antioxidants neutralize the effects of free radicals which can cause damage to the cells in your body. Eating a balanced diet that includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables can help ensure you get all the nutrients you need to support your body’s natural detoxification process.

Third, you can supplement your diet with specific nutrients known to support the body’s detoxification system. Nrf2 activators are a group of compounds that have been shown to help activate the NRF2 pathway, which is responsible for regulating the body’s detoxification process. Nrf2 activators such as sulforaphane and curcumin can help stimulate the production of antioxidants and detoxification enzymes, helping your body eliminate toxins more efficiently.

Finally, make sure to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Water helps flush toxins out of the body and is essential for optimal health.

By taking steps to limit your exposure to toxins and increasing your intake of antioxidants and nutrients known to support the body’s detoxification system, you can help protect your body from toxins and maintain good health.

Resources

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4785809/

How GABA and Glutamate affect glutathione levels

How GABA and Glutamate affect glutathione levels

Detoxification, Development delay and Brain, Methylation

GABA and autism connection

Gaba and glutamate are two neurotransmitters in the brain that can affect glutathione levels. Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect cells from damage. It also plays an important role in many metabolic processes, such as detoxification and energy production.

What is Glutamate

What is GABA

GABA and Glutamate production

How GABA and Glutamate affect Glutathione levels

How can we rebalance the GABA-Glutamate level?

What is Glutamate?

Glutamate is an amino acid that acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and nervous system. It is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain, and it plays a crucial role in many brain functions such as learning, memory, and brain development.

Glutamate is released from the presynaptic neuron when a nerve impulse reaches the synapse (the junction between two nerve cells). It binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which then triggers an electrical impulse in the postsynaptic neuron. This process is called synaptic transmission and is the main communication mechanism between nerve cells in the brain and nervous system.
Glutamate also forms new memories by strengthening connections between neurons, a process called Long-term potentiation (LTP).

However, too much Glutamate in the brain can be toxic to neurons and cause excitotoxicity, which impacts the development of several neurological disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Therefore, it’s important to maintain the balance between Glutamate and other neurotransmitters, such as GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that counters the excitatory effects of Glutamate.

What is GABA?

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an amino acid that acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and nervous system. This means that it helps to reduce the activity of neurons in the brain, helping to regulate mood, anxiety, and sleep.

When a nerve impulse reaches the synapse (the junction between two nerve cells), GABA is released from the presynaptic neuron and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This binding leads to the opening of chloride ion channels and causes the postsynaptic neuron to become less likely to fire an action potential. This process is called synaptic inhibition, and it helps to balance the activity of excitatory neurotransmitters like Glutamate and prevent overstimulation of the neurons.

GABA is synthesized in the brain from Glutamic acid, the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain, by the enzyme Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) through a process called decarboxylation. This process requires the presence of pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) as a cofactor.

Low levels of GABA have been linked to several neurological disorders, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, seizures, and ASD. The balance between GABA and other neurotransmitters, such as Glutamate, is crucial for normal brain function, and an imbalance can lead to neurological disorders.

GABA and Glutamate production

GABA and Glutamate are both synthesized from the same precursor molecule, Glutamic acid (Glutamate).
As mentioned before, the synthesis of GABA begins with the conversion of glutamic acid to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase. GAD then catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamic acid to form GABA. This process requires the presence of pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) as a cofactor. So GAD enzyme breaks down Glutamate into GABA, which keeps GABA levels high.

On the other hand, the synthesis of Glutamate starts with the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate, a metabolite of the citric acid cycle, to Glutamate by the enzyme Glutamate dehydrogenase. This process requires the presence of NAD+ as a cofactor.
It’s worth noting that while GABA is synthesized from Glutamic acid, the majority of Glutamic acid in the brain comes from dietary sources or from the conversion of other amino acids, not from GABA.

Both GABA and Glutamate are then stored in vesicles in the presynaptic neuron, ready to be released into the synapse when an electrical impulse reaches the neuron. The amount of GABA and Glutamate released, and the activity of the receptors they bind are regulated by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, which can affect the balance between the two neurotransmitters and their effects on the brain and nervous system.

In a healthy individual, there is a balance between GABA and Glutamate in the brain. However, if this balance is disrupted, it can lead to symptoms such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, headaches, seizures, and even Alzheimer’s disease, and some research shows GABA-Glutamate imbalance in children with autism.

It is important to note that GABA and Glutamate also play a role in regulating glutathione levels. Glutathione is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. It also helps to detoxify the body and plays an important role in keeping our immune system healthy. GABA and Glutamate help keep us healthy and functioning optimally by regulating glutathione levels.
​

How GABA and Glutamate affect Glutathione levels

So Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect cells from damage. It also plays an important role in many metabolic processes, such as detoxification and energy production.

Studies have found that GABA, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, can decrease glutathione levels, while Glutamate, which is an excitatory neurotransmitter, can increase them. The balance between GABA and Glutamate is thought to be important for maintaining healthy levels of Glutathione.

One study found that taking a GABA supplement was associated with lower levels of Glutathione. Increasing GABA activity may reduce Glutathione levels. On the other hand, increased glutamate activity has been linked to higher Glutathione levels.
It is important to keep in mind that there may be other factors that influence Glutathione levels.

How can we rebalance the GABA-Glutamate level?

Maintaining the right balance between GABA and Glutamate is essential for optimal health. It is important for normal brain function, and an imbalance can lead to neurological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Here are some ways to help maintain GABA-Glutamate balance:

Diet

Eating a diet rich in nutrients that support brain health, such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and B vitamins, can help to balance GABA and Glutamate.

Exercise

Regular exercise can increase the levels of GABA in the brain, which can help to reduce anxiety and improve mood.

Stress Management

Chronic stress can disrupt the balance between GABA and glutamate, leading to anxiety and depression. Therefore, managing stress through techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing can help to restore this balance.

Sleep

Getting enough quality sleep is important for maintaining the balance between GABA and Glutamate. Sleep deprivation can result from an imbalance between the two neurotransmitters, leading to anxiety, depression, and other mood-related disorders.

 

Dietary supplements that can restore GABA-Glutamate balance

Some supplements, such as Phenibut, Picamilon, ashwagandha, Theanine, etc., can help to balance GABA and glutamate levels.

Phenibut:

A derivative of GABA that can cross the blood-brain barrier and increase GABA levels in the brain.

Picamilon:

It is a combination of GABA and niacin that can increase GABA levels in the brain.

Ashwagandha:

An adaptogenic herb that can reduce anxiety and stress by regulating the balance between GABA and glutamate.

Theanine:

Theanine is an amino acid found in green tea that can increase GABA levels and reduce glutamate levels in the brain. This precursor of Glutamate appears to lower glutamate activity in the brain by blocking receptors while also boosting GABA levels. It’s found naturally in tea and also is available as a supplement.

Magnesium:

Magnesium is an essential mineral for maintaining healthy GABA-Glutamate levels. It works by helping to regulate the receptors that control the flow of these neurotransmitters. Magnesium can act as a cofactor for enzymes that are involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and release.

Inositol:

A carbohydrate that is used as a mood stabilizer and can help to balance the levels of neurotransmitters such as GABA and Glutamate in the brain

Melatonin:

A hormone involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, it has been found to have some effects on regulating GABA and Glutamate balance.

5-HTP:

5-HTP is a natural supplement derived from the seeds of an African plant. It has been shown to increase serotonin levels, which helps balance GABA and glutamate levels in the brain.

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC):

NAC is an amino acid supplement that is known to boost glutathione levels. It also helps to regulate GABA-Glutamate balance in the brain.

Valerian Root Extract:

The valerian root extract has been used for centuries to treat anxiety and insomnia. It works by calming down overactive nerve cells, which helps to restore GABA-Glutamate balance in the brain.

Glutamine:

Your body converts this amino acid into Glutamate. Glutamine is available in supplement form and is present in meat, fish, eggs, dairy, wheat, and some vegetables.

Taurine:

This amino acid has been shown in rodents to alter both GABA and Glutamate brain levels. You can take it in supplement form and get it naturally in meat and seafood.

These dietary supplements can help to restore the balance between GABA and Glutamate in the brain, but it’s always best to consult your doctor before starting any new supplement regimen.

GABA supplementation is not the best way to balance GABA-Glutamate levels because it can have an overstimulating effect, and unused GABA will be reconverted into glutamine, which is then converted back into Glutamate through a so-called GABA shunt metabolic pathway.

Related articles:

Glutamate and Autism Spectrum Disorder: What’s the Link?
Glutathione Redox Imbalance Linked to Autism Spectrum Disorder
Oxidative Stress May Be Linked to Autism
Glutathione
The glutathione precursor
Resources
  1. Schmidt-Wilcke T, Diers M. New insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of fibromyalgia. Biomedicines. 2017;5(4):22-. doi:10.3390/biomedicines5020022
  2. Byun J, Shin YY, Chung S, Shin WC. Safety and efficacy of gamma-aminobutyric acid from fermented rice germ in patients with insomnia symptoms: a randomized, double-blind trial. J Clin Neurol. 2018;14(3):291-. doi:10.3988/jcn.2018.14.3.291
  3. van Donkelaar EL, Blokland A, Ferrington L, Kelly PAT, Steinbusch HWM, Prickaerts J. Mechanism of acute tryptophan depletion: is it only serotonin?Mol Psychiatry. 2011;16(7):695-713. doi:10.1038/mp.2011.9
  4. Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P. Glutamine: metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1564-. doi:10.3390/nu10111564
  5. Bulley S, Shen W. Reciprocal regulation between taurine and glutamate response via Ca2+- dependent pathways in retinal third-order neurons. J Biomed Sci. 2010;17(Suppl 1):S5-. doi:10.1186/1423-0127-17-S1-S5
  6. White D, de Klerk S, Woods W, Gondalia S, Noonan C, Scholey A. Anti-stress, behavioural and magnetoencephalography effects of an l-theanine-based nutrient drink: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover. Trial Nutrients. 2016;8(1):53-. doi:10.3390/nu8010053
  7. Becker S, Schweinhardt P. Dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems in fibromyalgia, their role in central stress circuitry and pharmacological actions on these systems. Pain Research and Treatment. 2012;2012:1-10. doi:10.1155/2012/741746
  8. Schwartz T, Goradia V. Managing insomnia: an overview of insomnia and pharmacologic treatment strategies in use and on the horizon. DIC. 2013;2013: 212257. doi:10.7573/dic.212257
  9. Streeter C, Gerbarg P, Saper R, Ciraulo D, Brown R. Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system, gamma-aminobutyric-acid, and allostasis in epilepsy, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Medical Hypotheses. 2012; 78(5):571-579. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.021
  10. Holton KF, Kirkland AE, Baron M, et al. The low glutamate diet effectively improves pain and other symptoms of Gulf War illness. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2593. doi:10.3390/nu12092593
  11. Cleveland Clinic. Glutamate.
  12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986471/

 

Glutathione

Glutathione

Autism and Genes, Detoxification, Methylation

Glutathione is the body’s most important antioxidant, found in every single cell.

It is also called a “master antioxidant” because it exerts its effects within cells and its unique ability to maximize the effects of all other antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, Q10 + Ubiquinol, alpha-lipoic acid.

 

 

 

Glutathione is the body’s most important antioxidant in every cell.

It is also called a “master antioxidant” because it exerts its effects on cells and unique ability to maximize the impact of all other antioxidants.

Glutathione

The primary function of Glutathione is to protect cells and mitochondria from the damaging, destructive effects of internal oxidation processes [1]. It covers the integrity of our cells, tissues, and organs, thus playing an essential role in the fight against chronic diseases associated with aging.

Glutathione is key to detoxification, neutralizing toxins in the body, and protecting against the harmful effects of radiation, chemicals, and environmental contaminants.

It improves the functioning of the immune system, has a nervous system protection effect, increases the body’s resistance to infections, can speed up the recovery from diseases, and increases the body’s energy levels and vitality [2].

Why you should keep the glutathione level high?

To achieve optimal health and longevity, the body’s glutathione levels should be kept high [3]. Glutathione levels are significantly reduced by diseases, infections, stress, malnutrition, environmental pollution, poisoning, and aging.

Deficiency of this master antioxidant has been linked to several diseases: immune system disorders, nervous system problems, autoimmune processes, lack of energy, impaired detoxification function, muscle weakness, inflammatory conditions, and cellular malignancies [4].

GSH is a critical component of our antioxidant defense system. This molecule is made up of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine) that are produced in small amounts by our body. Still, in many cases, our body needs replacement.

Contrary to popular belief, it can be demonstrated that during oral administration of the molecule, it is not degraded in the acidic medium of the stomach but is absorbed from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream and reaches the cells [5].

The liver contains a large amount of Glutathione, which shows its important role in the body’s detoxification processes. Low glutathione levels are present in many chronic diseases and weakened immune systems, so the elderly, physically and mentally stressed people, and the weakened immune system need Glutathione!

 

Benefits of Glutathione

  • Cellular energy supply
  • For optimal functioning of the immune system, to promote effective inflammation reduction.
  • Control of various infections
  • Prevention of malicious processes. Increase the energy supply at the cellular level to balance the mitochondria and reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress
  • Support of the nervous system
  • Adjunctive treatment of autoimmune conditions (e.g., Hashimoto)
  • In the adjunctive treatment of gynecological problems such as endometriosis, fibroids

Immunological effects

  • For a healthy immune system, protection against infections and autoimmune processes. Glutathione plays a vital role in maintaining the healthy functioning of the immune system.
  • Oxidative stress caused by viral infections causes inflammation in the cells, and glutathione levels are demonstrably reduced.
  • Decreased immunity and an increased risk of infections are associated with low glutathione levels [6]. Glutathione is beneficial in increasing the number of T cells in immune leukocytes and NK cells in natural killer cells [7].
  • Glutathione deficiency can be detected in autoimmune diseases. Research has shown that Glutathione has a positive effect on the normal functioning of the immune system and prevents the development of an immune response and inflammation in autoimmune diseases [8].

Detoxification

  • Oxidation is healthy to some extent (e.g., sports). However, excessive oxidation is already harmful. This can be caused by unhealthy lifestyles, stress, malnutrition, and external environmental toxins.
  • The antioxidant system of a healthy young body seeks to protect it from external and internal oxidative effects to prevent tissue wear and tear, thus slowing the aging process so that our cells can remain young and healthy for a long time.
  • It is important for recycling other antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E and Q10+ Ubiquinol.
  • Glutathione is found in the highest concentrations in the liver and kidneys. [9].Helps remove toxins, foreign chemicals, potential carcinogens, hormones, and pollutants. It converts them into water-soluble substances that can now be easily excreted from the body through the kidneys.
  • Promoting the detoxifying processes of the liver
  • The detoxification ability of Glutathione can be further enhanced by other sulfur-containing molecules: cruciferous plants (broccoli), r-alpha-lipoic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, turmeric, St. John’s wort, and B vitamins, selenium.
  • This molecule is also present in the entire intestinal mucosa, where it traps and neutralizes potential toxins before they are absorbed into the body. It protects the intestinal wall, which, if weakened, can lead to a leaking / permeable intestinal problem [10].

Other benefits

  • Protecting the brain and nervous system: Our brain uses a lot of oxygen and is highly vulnerable to oxidative damage. This oxidative damage adversely affects neurological functions and development, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and several neurodegenerative diseases. Glutathione protects brain cells against oxidation. Low glutathione levels increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases [11].
  • Heavy metals accumulate in the brain and can cause severe oxidative stress and cell damage. Glutathione can detoxify toxic metals in the brain, thereby protecting the health of the nervous system.
  • Energy production of cells, enhancement of vitality
  • Mitochondria are responsible for our cells’ energy production in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body’s fuel. The function of mitochondria also plays a vital role in cell health, intercellular communication, regulated cell death, and cell growth. Glutathione can potentially improve mitochondrial health and affect our energy-producing abilities [12].
  • Glutathione can help to disappear gray hair and restores the original hair color (13)
  • A small study published in Medical Science Monitor in 2011 shows a connection between low glutathione levels and autism spectrum disorders. (14, 15)
Resources

 

  • [1] Aldini G, Altomare A, Baron G, Vistoli G, Carini M, Borsani L, Sergio F. N-Acetylcysteine as an antioxidant and disulphide breaking agent: the reasons why. Free Radic Res. 2018 Jul;52(7):751-762
  • [2] Samuni Y, Goldstein S, Dean OM, Berk M. The chemistry and biological activities of N-acetylcysteine. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Aug;1830(8):4117-29.
  • [3] Fulghesu AM, Ciampelli M, Muzj G, et al. N-acetyl-cysteine treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002 Jun;77(6):1128-35.
  • [4] Safarinejad MR, Safarinejad S. Efficacy of selenium and/or N-acetyl-cysteine for improving semen parameters in infertile men: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. J Urol. 2009 Feb;181(2):741-51.
  • [5] Badawy A, State O, Abdelgawad S. N-Acetyl cysteine and clomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-over trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007;86(2):218-22.
  • [6] Porpora MG, Brunelli R, Costa G, Imperiale L, Krasnowska EK, Lundeberg T, Nofroni I, Piccioni MG, Pittaluga E, Ticino A, Parasassi T. A promise in the treatment of endometriosis: an observational cohort study on ovarian endometrioma reduction by N-acetylcysteine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:240702.
  • [7] Stey C, Steurer J, Bachmann S, Medici TC, Tramèr MR. The effect of oral N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis: a quantitative systematic review. Eur Respir J. 2000 Aug;16(2):253-62.
  • [8] Stav D, Raz M. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on air trapping in COPD: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Chest. 2009 Aug;136(2):381-6.
  • [9] Mokhtari V, Afsharian P, Shahhoseini M, Kalantar SM, Moini A. A Review on Various Uses of N-Acetyl Cysteine. Cell J. 2017;19(1):11-17. doi:10.22074/cellj.2016.4872
  • [10] Sandhir R, Sood A, Mehrotra A, Kamboj SS. N-Acetylcysteine reverses mitochondrial dysfunctions and behavioral abnormalities in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington’s disease. Neurodegener Dis. 2012;9(3):145-57.
  • [11] Shungu DC. N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of glutathione deficiency and oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Jun 1;71(11):937-8.

The glutathione precursor

The glutathione precursor

Autism and Genes, Detoxification, Health, Microbiome and Gut health

N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) is one of the most exciting antioxidant amino acids of our time. An anti-inflammatory agent, one of the precursors to glutathione, which referred to as a master antioxidant (1). That is why we recommend the combined use of our NAC and Glutathione products.

The mucolytic, antitussive effect of NAC has long been known in the health circles because of its ability to break down disulfide bridges in mucus and secretions (1).

New research has highlighted other important aspects: its effects on stabilizing blood sugar levels (2) (insulin resistance, adjusting blood fat levels), increasing fertility and protecting the nervous system have innovative potential.

N-Acetyl Cystein the glutathione precursor

“The glutathione precursor” what does it mean? Glutathione, also known as GSH, is a molecule found naturally in your body. It is produced by the liver and nerve cells in the central nervous system. Glutathione is made up of three amino acids: L-cysteine, glycine, and L-glutamate.
Glutathione is an antioxidant, a molecule that helps fight free radicals. When more free radicals exist than antioxidants, oxidative cell damage occurs. This can lead to inflammation and a variety of health issues.
In addition to being an antioxidant,

Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) is one of the most exciting antioxidant amino acids of our time. An anti-inflammatory agent, one of the precursors to glutathione, which referred to as a master antioxidant [1].

A Powerful Antioxidant

N-acetylcysteine, derived from the simple amino acid cysteine, provides significant protection against a broad array of modern toxins. 

NAC is a precursor of glutathione. Glutathione is the body’s most important antioxidant, found in every single cell. It is also called a “master antioxidant” because it exerts its effects within cells and its unique ability to maximize the effects of all other antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, Q + Ubiquinol, r-alpha-lipoic acid.

The primary function of Glutathione is to protect cells and mitochondria from the damaging, destructive effects of internal oxidation processes (2). It protects the integrity of our cells, tissues and organs, thus playing an important role in the fight against chronic diseases associated with aging. Glutathione is key to detoxification, neutralizing toxins in the body, protecting against the harmful effects of radiation, chemicals and environmental contaminants.

It improves the functioning of the immune system, has a nervous system protection effect, increases the body’s resistance to infections, can speed up the recovery from diseases, and increases the body’s energy levels and vitality (3).

For a healthy immune system

Glutathione plays an important role in maintaining the healthy functioning of the immune system. Oxidative stress caused by viral infections causes inflammation in the cells and glutathione levels are demonstrably reduced.

Decreased immunity and an increased risk of infections are associated with low glutathione levels (4). Glutathione is beneficial in increasing the number of T cells in immune leukocytes and NK cells in natural killer cells (5). Glutathione deficiency can be detected in autoimmune diseases.

Research has shown that glutathione has a positive effect on the normal functioning of the immune system and prevents the development of an excessive immune response and inflammation in autoimmune diseases (6).

Liver protection, detoxification

Glutathione is found in the highest concentrations in the liver and kidneys. The liver plays a prominent role in the II. in phase detoxification processes (7). Helps remove toxins, foreign chemicals, potential carcinogens, hormones, pollutants.

It converts them into water-soluble substances that can now be easily excreted from the body through the kidneys. Glutathione is also present in the entire intestinal mucosa, where it captures and neutralizes potential toxins before they are absorbed into the body. Glutathione protects the intestinal wall, which, if weakened, can lead to a leaking / permeable intestinal problem (8).

The detoxification ability of glutathione can be further enhanced by other sulfur-containing molecules: cruciferous plants (broccoli), r-alpha-lipoic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, turmeric, St. John’s wort and B vitamins, selenium, and the like. 

Excessive consumption of over-the-counter drugs containing paracetamol (eg, antipyretics, analgesics, etc.) can lead to hepatotoxicity and deplete the body’s glutathione system. NAC is able to rehabilitate toxic processes in liver cells.

Acetyl-L-Cysteine increases the body’s glutathione levels, enhances the immune system through its antioxidant effect, helps cellular regeneration and reduce inflammation, and contributes to the effective elimination of toxins and toxins.

It contributes to the multi-level detoxification processes of the liver, and also promotes the rehabilitation of liver cells in the state of fatty liver. In this case, Choline and Inositol can help in the detoxification process.

Protecting the brain and nervous system

Our brain uses a lot of oxygen and is therefore extremely vulnerable to oxidative damage. This oxidative damage adversely affects neurological functions and our development, which can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Glutathione protects brain cells against odiation.

Low glutathione levels increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Heavy metals that accumulate in the brain can cause severe oxidative stress and cell damage. Glutathione has the ability to detoxify toxic metals in the brain, thereby protecting the health of the nervous system (9).

Energy production of cells, enhancement of vitality

Mitochondria are responsible for the energy production of our cells in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The function of mitochondria also plays a vital role in cell health, intercellular communication, regulated cell death, and cell growth.

Researchers today believe that mitochondrial health is directly linked to our aging processes and the resistance of cells to degenerative diseases. Glutathione has the potential to improve mitochondrial health and directly affect our energy-producing abilities.

By-products of cellular metabolism are also free radicals that are destructive. They are also able to neutralize glutathione (10).

NAC in relation to the hormonal system and fertility

Research results support its effectiveness in reducing ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels, combined with vitamins A, E and Omega-3 fatty acids. Other literature has also described the combination of NAC and selenium as effective (11). High ROS levels presuppose inflammation and affect the DNA of sperm.

It supports the ovarian cycle, i.e. the cycle of ovulation, thereby positively affecting fertility (12). By stimulating glutathione levels, it has a positive effect on insulin secretion and increases insulin sensitivity, so it can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of insulin-resistant conditions in polycystic ovary syndrome, which is closely related to insulin resistance (13).

Furthermore, a human study highlights the effect of NAC on cysts that cure-like use of NAC may reduce the potential for cysts due to endometriosis (14). In such cases, I strongly recommend Glutathione, Choline + Inositol.

The role of NAC in the functioning of the respiratory system

As a mutolytic, Acetyl-L-Cysteine ​​supports the emptying of difficult-to-break secretions and can therefore help with prolonged, persistent coughs (colds, flu, bronchitis (15).

Research has been shown to be effective in the adjunctive treatment of COPD [8]. Due to its powerful antioxidant effect, it can reduce the condition of chronic inflammation. According to the research, Acetyl-L-Cysteine ​​intake promoted physical activity and performance in patients with COPD.

By increasing glutathione levels, it can reduce the inflammatory state of lung tissue and contribute to its regeneration.

What else does NAC help

  • To clean the lungs of the secretion due to smoking.
  • In the adjunctive treatment of COPD
  • Prevention of respiratory infections, alleviation of pre-existing symptoms (persistent cough)
  • Endometriosis, in the adjunctive treatment of PCOs for fertility problems (both women and men)
  • In post-contraceptive rehabilitation (in such cases we also recommend our Broccoli & Watercress, Choline & Inositol products)
  • To detoxify the liver, regenerate liver cells, lower triglycerides In case of blood sugar and insulin homeostasis problems, in the adjunctive treatment of insulin resistance
  • Nervous system, to support nerve cells and to increase memory
  • Metabolism of toxins and cancer-causing substances
  • Natural creation and repair of DNA
  • Production of protein and prostaglandin, a compound with hormone-like effects
  • Activation of enzymes
  • Glutathione also helps with the breakdown of nutrients and the regulation of important body processes, such as the immune response.
  • A small study published in Medical Science Monitor in 2011 shows a connection between low glutathione levels and autism spectrum disorders.
  • The mucolytic, antitussive effect of NAC has long been known in the health circles because of its ability to break down disulfide bridges in mucus and secretions .
  • It is also used as an antidote in problems with paracetamol overdose to protect liver cells.
  • New research has highlighted other important aspects: its effects on stabilizing blood sugar levels (insulin resistance, adjusting blood fat levels), increasing fertility and protecting the nervous system have innovative potential.
  • N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is effective both in inhibiting biofilm formation and in destroying developed biofilms. (12)
Resources
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  • [3] Fulghesu AM, Ciampelli M, Muzj G, et al. N-acetyl-cysteine treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002 Jun;77(6):1128-35.
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  • [6] Porpora MG, Brunelli R, Costa G, Imperiale L, Krasnowska EK, Lundeberg T, Nofroni I, Piccioni MG, Pittaluga E, Ticino A, Parasassi T. A promise in the treatment of endometriosis: an observational cohort study on ovarian endometrioma reduction by N-acetylcysteine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:240702.
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  • [8] Stav D, Raz M. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on air trapping in COPD: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Chest. 2009 Aug;136(2):381-6.
  • [9] Mokhtari V, Afsharian P, Shahhoseini M, Kalantar SM, Moini A. A Review on Various Uses of N-Acetyl Cysteine. Cell J. 2017;19(1):11-17. doi:10.22074/cellj.2016.4872
  • [10] Sandhir R, Sood A, Mehrotra A, Kamboj SS. N-Acetylcysteine reverses mitochondrial dysfunctions and behavioral abnormalities in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington’s disease. Neurodegener Dis. 2012;9(3):145-57.
  • [11] Shungu DC. N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of glutathione deficiency and oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Jun 1;71(11):937-8.
  • [12] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25339490/